Carnivoran Mammals

Bear conservation is not one global problem with one solution. The eight living bear species face very different combinations of habitat loss, fragmentation, illegal killing, wildlife trade, conflict with people, roads, climate change, and small-population isolation. American black bears and brown bears are globally widespread, while giant pandas, Andean bears, sloth bears, sun bears, Asiatic … Read more

Bears can influence ecosystems in several ways: by eating plants and animals, dispersing seeds, moving nutrients, scavenging carcasses, digging into soil, preying on other animals, and interacting with other predators and scavengers. The exact role depends on the bear species and the ecosystem. There is no single ecological job performed by every bear. A coastal … Read more

Bears live across North America, South America, Europe, and Asia, as well as the Arctic marine environment. The eight living bear species occupy habitats ranging from temperate forests and tropical rainforests to high mountains, grasslands, tundra, bamboo forests, and sea ice. No living native bear species occurs in Africa, Australia, or Antarctica. There is no … Read more

Bear cubs begin life unusually small, dependent, and vulnerable compared with their mothers. Across the bear family, females provide nearly all direct parental care, and young bears spend months or years learning how to move through their habitat, recognize foods, respond to other bears, and eventually live independently. The details vary widely among the eight … Read more

Bear behavior is often summarized with one word: solitary. That description is useful, but incomplete. Most adult bears spend much of their time traveling and feeding alone, yet they still communicate, court, mate, raise young, tolerate neighbors, gather around concentrated food, play, and adjust their behavior in response to other bears. The eight living bear … Read more

Bear paws are built for much more than walking. Across the eight living bear species, the same basic plan supports digging, climbing, swimming, tearing apart logs, opening insect nests, handling food, moving across snow, and traveling over rough ground. Bears walk on plantigrade feet, meaning the heel contacts the ground along with the toes, and … Read more

Yes, many bears hibernate, but the answer needs context. American black bears and brown bears in colder regions can spend months in winter dens with sharply reduced metabolism, heart rate, breathing, and activity. Their body temperature falls less dramatically than it does in many small hibernating mammals, which is one reason older sources sometimes described … Read more

What bears eat depends heavily on the species, habitat, season, and food available. There is no single “bear diet.” American black bears and many brown bears are highly flexible foragers, polar bears depend strongly on marine prey, giant pandas specialize on bamboo, and sloth bears are unusually adapted for eating ants and termites. That diversity … Read more

Brown bears and grizzly bears are the same species: Ursus arctos. The difference is mainly in how people use the common names, especially in North America. “Brown bear” is the broad species name, while “grizzly” is commonly used for many inland North American populations. Coastal Alaskan bears are often called brown bears. That does not … Read more

Black bears, brown bears, and polar bears are three different bear species with very different bodies, ranges, diets, and lifestyles. American black bears are Ursus americanus, brown bears are Ursus arctos, and polar bears are Ursus maritimus. The quickest way to separate them is not fur color. It is to combine body shape, head and … Read more